A fissure is defined as a crack in any surface and vaginal fissures are no different. They are cracks, tears or abrasions that occur in the lining of the vagina which is an extremely sensitive area. Vaginal fissure may also occur in the labia or areas surrounding the vagina and are typically classified as internal and external vaginal fissures. The definitions for these terms are quite self-explanatory.
Vaginal fissures may feel like cuts that can range in severity from a minor annoyance to those that cause severe pain and discomfort. Many women tend to ignore them unless they cause a lot of discomfort but this could be a big mistake since, left untreated they may recur with increasing severity.
Having a better understanding of the causes of vaginal fissures can help you to take steps to avoid them from developing in the first place.
The lining of the vagina is made up of thick layers of healthy tissues that are extremely sensitive to the hormone estrogen. This hormone regulates the formation and development of the epithelial cells that make up the lining of the vagina. It helps keep the lining moist and supple making it fertile ground for good bacteria to grow in. This good bacteria is what keeps the growth of bad bacteria in check and prevents infections from occurring.
Low levels of estrogen can affect the vagina causing bacterial imbalances which make it more prone to bacterial and other types of infections. The low estrogen levels also cause the walls to dry, making the tissue more prone to developing cracks and fissures, just as it happens with ordinary skin.
Vaginal infections are the most common cause of vaginal fissures and may be bacterial, parasitical or fungal in nature. They may require medical treatment which is why it is essential for you to consult a doctor if you find them developing.
Certain medications may also adversely affect estrogen levels leading to dryness and fissures in the vagina. These include medications such as Tamoxifen, Nafarelin, Medroxyprogesterone, Danazol and Leuprolide. This is another reason why it is important for you to consult your doctor should you be suffering from vaginal fissures.
Vaginal fissures may also occur if you have had sexual intercourse while your vagina was not well lubricated. Other factors that may affect estrogen levels in your body include habits such as smoking, drinking excessive alcohol, stress and unhealthy eating habits. All of these may be responsible for the formation of vaginal fissures.